Keywords: diesel engine, petroleum diesel fuel, rapeseed oil, mixed biofuel, atomization and mixing processes.

Alternative diesel fuels based on vegetable oils differ from petroleum diesel fuel in many respects, such as higher density, viscosity and surface tension, as well as lower compressibility, which results in poorer fuel atomization and mixing ability. These authors tested operation of type D-245.12С diesel engine on various fuels. It was shown that engine efficiency and environmental performance may be improved when its fires regular petroleum diesel fuel added with 10 % vol. rapeseed oil, rather than pure biofuel.

Keywords: diesel engine, combustion chamber, mathematical model, combustion process, coolant temperature, heat exchange

The authors discuss their mathematical model of in-cylinder heat exchange processes, based on actuating medium heat calculation. The model simulates processes during suction and compression strokes, as well as heat exchange through combustion chamber walls. This contributes into the analyses of engine fuel economy and mechanocaloric load on combustion chamber components vs. coolant temperature.

Keywords: locomotive engine, fuel injection, injection advance angle, Miller cycle, stand tests, operating parameters, environmental performance.

The authors present the results of their investigation into the improvement of fuel injection characteristics of type 8CHN21/21 locomotive engine featuring Miller cycle. Optimum injection advance angles have been determined for varying load, so as to improve engine operating parameters and environmental performance.

Keywords: diesel engine, mechanical losses, friction, motor oil, viscosity, anti-friction additive.

Three kinds of lubricants have been tested with a view to evaluate influence of mineral oil viscosity and anti-friction additive therein on mechanical losses in a diesel engine. The mechanical losses have been evaluated using electrodynamic and colorimetric methods. According to the test results. lowering motor oil high-temperature viscosity by 62 % results in lowering average friction losses by 22 %. Use of anti-friction additive results in further lowering average friction losses by 6 %. Friction losses vs. time and engine speed curves were found to comply with known concepts of lubricated friction pair performance.

Keywords: tractor diesel engine, starter-generator, reversible electrical machine, torsional damper.

Built-in starter-generator (based on a reversible electrical machine) placed between engine flywheel and tractor coupling is shown as a means to contribute into enhance the capacity of energy consumers driven by the tractor engine. The concept in question enables considerable power transfer in both directions, improves start performance of a tractor diesel engine and facilitates damping of torsional oscillations, thus reducing noise and vibration level. The advantage of an offered power unit layout is that the electrical machine is initially used as engine starter, whereupon it switches into generator mode. Then it is used as an power supply for the vehicle network. Therefore, it operates both as engine starter and generator, thus making needless conventional electric or reciprocating engine starter.

Keywords: marine engines, alternative fuels, methanol, exhaust gases, noxious emissions.

The regulations as well as expectations on shipping concerning the environmental impact have been growing in recent years. This has led to a search for very low sulphur (0,1 %) or sulphur-free alternative fuels. Consequently and on request from Stena Line, Wartsila initiated a project to select a sulphur-free fuel to be used initially on Stena ships. The fuel chosen is a liquid state methanol. Besides the total sulphur reduction, methanol is also contributing to emission reduction, in terms of nitrogen oxides and particulates, and provides a fuel that is biodegradable, decreasing environmental impact from accidental spills. The physical and chemical properties of methanol make it very well suited for use in spark-ignited engines. It has excellent ignition properties with an Octane number of 106. But its ability to combust without forming soot (due to the lack of carbon-to-carbon bonds) has attracted diesel engine designers to find ways of using it as well. This paper describes the patented injection system working principles and its key design challenges, the first laboratory engine results, as well as the results from the application on the first ever ship operated on methanol, the passenger ferry Stena Germanica, leading the technology development and l eaving a positive trace on the society.
The CIMAC papers are translated into Russian by G.Melnik, PhD.

Keywords: marine diesel engines, emission regulations, evolution of US EPA standards.

Development and implementation of national standards regulating noxious emissions from ships involves many peculiarities. E.g., US EPA standards, apart from rated power, takes account of engine category, service class, type of fuel and special duty features (Blue Sky Series). Experience of US EPA standard evolution may be of particular interest for Russian specialists involved in revision of relevant national standards.

The original paper is translated into Russian by G.Melnik, PhD.